Wood Engineering Properties for Hardwoods

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Wood Engineering Properties for Hardwoods

Civil Engineering Design and Engineering

Strength and engineering properties of some commercially important woods grown in the United States (inch–pound)

Common species names	Specific gravity	Static Bending			Impact Bending (in.)	Compression Parallel to Grain (lbf/in²)	Compression Perpendicular bending (in.) to grain (lbf/in²)	Shear Parallel to Grain (lbf/in²)	Tension Perpendicular to Grain (lbf/in²)	Side hardness (lbf)
Common species names	Specific gravity	Modulus of Rupture (lbf/in²)	Modulus of elasticity (× 10⁶ lbf/in²)	Maximum Working load (in-lbf/in³)	Impact Bending (in.)	Compression Parallel to Grain (lbf/in²)	Compression Perpendicular bending (in.) to grain (lbf/in²)	Shear Parallel to Grain (lbf/in²)	Tension Perpendicular to Grain (lbf/in²)	Side hardness (lbf)
Hardwoods
Alder, red	0.37	6,500	1.17	8.0	22	2,960	250	770	390	440
Alder, red	0.41	9,800	1.38	8.4	20	5,820	440	1,080	420	590
Ash Black	0.45	6,000	1.04	12.1	33	2,300	350	860	490	520
Ash Black	0.49	12,600	1.60	14.9	35	5,970	760	1,570	700	850
Ash Blue	0.53	9,600	1.24	14.7	-	4,180	810	1,540	-	-
Ash Blue	0.58	13,800	1.40	14.4	-	6,980	1,420	2,030	-	-
Ash Green	0.53	9,500	1.40	11.8	35	4,200	730	1,260	590	870
Ash Green	0.56	14,100	1.66	13.4	32	7,080	1,310	1,910	700	1,200
Ash Oregon	0.50	7,600	1.13	12.2	39	3,510	530	1,190	590	790
Ash Oregon	0.55	12,700	1.36	14.4	33	6,040	1,250	1,790	720	1,160
Ash White	0.55	9,500	1.44	15.7	38	3,990	670	1,350	590	960
Ash White	0.60	15,000	1.74	16.6	43	7,410	1,160	1,910	940	1,320
Aspen Bigtooth	0.36	5,400	1.12	5.7	-	2,500	210	730	-	-
Aspen Bigtooth	0.39	9,100	1.43	7.7	-	5,300	450	1,080	-	-
Aspen Quaking	0.35	5,100	0.86	6.4	22	2,140	180	660	230	300
Aspen Quaking	0.38	8,400	1.18	7.6	21	4,250	370	850	260	350
Basswood, American	0.32	5,000	1.04	5.3	16	2,220	170	600	280	250
Basswood, American	0.37	8,700	1.46	7.2	16	4,730	370	990	350	410
Beech, American	0.56	8,600	1.38	11.9	43	3,550	540	1,290	720	850
Beech, American	0.64	14,900	1.72	15.1	41	7,300	1,010	2,010	1,010	1,300
Birch Paper	0.48	6,400	1.17	16.2	49	2,360	270	840	380	560
Birch Paper	0.55	12,300	1.59	16.0	34	5,690	600	1,210	-	910
Birch Sweet	0.60	9,400	1.65	15.7	48	3,740	470	1,240	430	970
Birch Sweet	0.65	16,900	2.17	18.0	47	8,540	1,080	2,240	950	1,470
Birch Yellow	0.55	8,300	1.50	16.1	48	3,380	430	1,110	430	780
Birch Yellow	0.62	16,600	2.01	20.8	55	8,170	970	1,880	920	1,260
Butternut	0.36	5,400	0.97	8.2	24	2,420	220	760	430	390
Butternut	0.38	8,100	1.18	8.2	24	5,110	460	1,170	440	490
Cherry, black	0.47	8,000	1.31	12.8	33	3,540	360	1,130	570	660
Cherry, black	0.50	12,300	1.49	11.4	29	7,110	690	1,700	560	950
Chestnut, American	0.40	5,600	0.93	7.0	24	2,470	310	800	440	420
Chestnut, American	0.43	8,600	1.23	6.5	19	5,320	620	1,080	460	540
Cottonwood Balsam, poplar	0.31	3,900	0.75	4.2	-	1,690	140	500	-	-
Cottonwood Balsam, poplar	0.34	6,800	1.10	5.0	-	4,020	300	790	-	-
Cottonwood Black	0.31	4,900	1.08	5.0	20	2,200	160	610	270	250
Cottonwood Black	0.35	8,500	1.27	6.7	22	4,500	300	1,040	330	350
Cottonwood Eastern	0.37	5,300	1.01	7.3	21	2,280	200	680	410	340
Cottonwood Eastern	0.40	8,500	1.37	7.4	20	4,910	380	930	580	430
Elm American	0.46	7,200	1.11	11.8	38	2,910	360	1,000	590	620
Elm American	0.50	11,800	1.34	13.0	39	5,520	690	1,510	660	830
Elm Rock	0.57	9,500	1.19	19.8	54	3,780	610	1,270	-	-
Elm Rock	0.63	14,800	1.54	19.2	56	7,050	1,230	1,920	-	-
Slippery	0.48	8,000	1.23	15.4	47	3,320	420	1,110	640	660
Slippery	0.53	13,000	1.49	16.9	45	6,360	820	1,630	530	860
Hackberry	0.49	6,500	0.95	14.5	48	2,650	400	1,070	630	700
Hackberry	0.53	11,000	1.19	12.8	43	5,440	890	1,590	580	880