Thermodynamics Data, Equations, Charts, Equations and Calculators
The field of thermodynamics is concerned with the science of energy focusing on energy storage and energy conversion processes.
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The following are links to educational thermodynamics subjects.
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PROPERTY DIAGRAMS AND STEAM TABLES
- Anti Freeze Ethylene Glycol Freezing and Boil Temperatures
- Antoine Equation Coefficient and Calculator
- Benedict-Webb-Rubin PVT Formula and Calculator
- Boiling Point Temperature of Solvents at Standard Pressure Given in °C Calculator
- Building Sensible Heat Thermal Load with Air Exchange Calculator
- Compressed Steam Properties Table Calculator
- Exergy Analysis of a Refrigeration Cycle in TESPy Python Application and Calculator
- Film Condensation on Vertical Tubes Calculator and Equation
- Inhibited Aqueous Solutions Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze Density
- Flammability Limits of Gases in Air
- Individual and Universal Gas Constants
- International Standard Atmosphere Data
- Kinetic Theory of Gases Simulator Python Script Application
- Specific Heat of Aqueous Solutions of Propylene Glycol
- Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions of Propylene Glycol
- Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Propylene Glycol
- Boiling Point of Water at Various Pressures - Data are based on the equation of state recommended by the International Association for the Properties of Steam
- Property Diagrams
- Pressure - Temperature (P-T) Diagram
- Pressure - Specific Volume (P-v) Diagram
- Pressure - Enthalpy (P-h) Diagram
- Entropy Explained, With Sheep
- Enthalpy - Temperature (h-T) Diagram
- Temperature - Enthalpy (T-s) Diagram
- Enthalpy Entropy (h-s) or Mollier Diagram
- Fuel Gas and Heating Values
- Isentropic Flow Relationships
- Properties of Dry Steam Table Chart
- Steam Tables
- Saturated Steam Tables
- Saturated Steam Table Chart Imperial Units
- Saturated Steam Table Chart Metric Units
- Thermal Conductivities of Miscellaneous Solid Substances
- Thermal Conductivities for Building Insulation
- Thermal Conductivities of Material for Refrigeration and Extreme Low Temperatures
- Thermal Conductivities High Temperature Insulation
- Specific Heat Ratio γ for Liquids and Gases at Atmospheric Pressure
- Temperature and Pressure Data for Refrigerants
- Critical Thermodynamic Constants (English Units) Chemical formula, Molecular Mass, Temperature in Rankin, Pressure in psi and Volume
- Mean Free Path of Gases Formulae and Calculator The kinetic theory of gases states that molecules can be viewed as spheres which by the energy contained create collisions between them
- Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Solids at 77° F
- Thermodynamic Properties of Liquids at 77° F
- Properties of Various Ideal Gases at 77 F°, 1 atm (English Units)
- Ideal-Gas Properties of Air (English Units), Standard Entropy at 1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 14.696 lbf/in.2
- Ideal Gas Properties of Nitrogen, Diatomic (English Units), Entropies at 1 atm Pressure
- Ideal Gas Properties of Nitrogen, Monatomic (English Units), Entropies at 1 atm Pressure
- Ideal Gas Properties of Oxygen, Diatomic (English Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mole Basis
- Ideal Gas Properties of Oxygen, Monatomic (English Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mole Basis
- Ideal Gas Properties of Carbon Dioxide (SI Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mole Basis
- Ideal Gas Properties of Carbon Monoxide (SI Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mole Basis
- Isentropic Relative Pressure and Relative Volume Functions Table
- Ideal Gas Properties of Nitrogen (SI Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mass Basis
- Internal Energy of Various Gases
- Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensation Formula and Calculator
- Humidity Ratio of Air Humidity ratio W is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air:
- Relative Humidity Calculator and Equation
- Ideal Gas Properties of Oxygen O2 (SI Units), Entropies at 0.1 MPa (1 Bar) Pressure, Mass Basis
- Metabolic Rate Energy Burned Calculator and Formulas for Humans
- Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Human Calculator
- Phase Transition and other Data for 100 Fluids
- Phase Transition and Other Data for the Elements
- Water Vapor Saturation Pressure Formulas and Calculator Increasing temperature of liquid (or any substance) enhances its evaporation that results in the increase of vapor pressure over the liquid.
- Wet and Dry Steam Mass and Volume Fraction Calculator Steam is a gaseous form of water-air vapor and there are two forms, wet steam and dry steam.
- Vapor Saturation Pressure Over Ice Formulas and Calculator The saturation (sublimation) pressure over ice for the temperature range of –148 to 32°F
- Saturation Temperature of Selected Substances
- Steam Enthalpy Quality and Volume Fraction of the Condensate can be estimated from:
- Specific Heat Capacity Table at Room Temperature Specific heat capacity c is the change in heat (energy) of a unit mass of material for a unit change of temperature in Btu/lb°F or Btu/(lbm-°R)
- Specific Heat and Temperature of Mixtures Equations and Calculator
- Specific Heat of Solids, Liquids and Other Materials
- Mean Specific Heats of Various Solids
- Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions of Antifreeze Ethylene Glycol
- Thermal Conductivities of Liquids and Gases
- Thermal Conductivities of Metals
- Thermodynamic Functions, Typical Symbols and Units
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Tables, Specific Volume, Internal Energy for Temperatures 0.01- 190 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Tables, Enthalpy, kJ/kg, Entropy, kJ/kg- K for Temperatures 0.01- 190 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Tables, Specific Volume, Internal Energy for temperatures between 195 - 374.1 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Tables, Enthalpy, Entropy for temperatures between 195 - 374.1 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Entry Tables, Specific Volume and Internal Energy for Pressure between 0.6113 - 800 kPa, and Temperatures between 0.01 - 170.43 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Entry Tables, Enthalpy kJ/kg and Entropy, kJ/kg-K for Pressure between 0.6113 - 800 kPa, and Temperatures between 0.01 - 170.43 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Entry Tables, Specific Volume m3 / kg and Internal Energy, kJ/kg for Pressure between 850 - 22089 kPa, and Temperatures between 172.96 - 374.14 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water Pressure Entry Tables, Enthalpy, kJ/kg and Entropy, kJ/kg-K for Pressures between 850 - 22089 kPa, and Temperatures between 172.96 - 374.14 °C
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Vapor Water Table at pressure of 10 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, and 400 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Vapor Water Table at pressure of 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, 600 kPa, 700 kPa, 800 kPa, 900 kPa, 1000 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Vapor Water Table at pressure of 800 kPa, 1000 kPa, 1200 kPa, 1400 kPa, 1600 kPa, and 1800 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Vapor Water Table at pressure of 21000 kPa, 2500 kPa, 3000 kPa, and 4000 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Vapor Water Table at pressure of 5000 kPa, 6000 kPa, 8000 kPa, and 10000 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Super Heated Water Vapor Table at pressure of 15000 kPa, 20000 kPa, 30000 kPa, and 40000 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Compressed Liquid Water Table at pressure of 500 kPa, 2000 kPa, 5000 kPa, and 10000 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Compressed Liquid Water Table at pressure of 15000 kPa, 20000 kPa, 30000 kPa, and 50000 kPa.
- Saturated Water Solid-Saturated Vapor Thermodynamic Properties for temperatures 0 to -40 °C.
- Saturated Water Solid-Saturated Vapor Thermodynamic Properties for temperatures 0 to -40 °C Enthalpy, kJ/kg and Entropy, kJ/kg-K
- Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia for Temperatures 0 to -40 °C Specific Volume, m3/kg and Internal Energy, kJ/kg
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Ammonia for Temperatures -50 to 132.3 °C Enthalpy, kJ/kg, Entropy, kJ/kg-K
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Ammonia for Temperatures -30 to 200 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Ammonia for 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, 600 kPa
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Ammonia for 800 kPa, 1000 kPa, 1200 kPa, 1400 kPa
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Ammonia for 1600 kPa, 2000 kPa, 5000 kPa, 10000 kPa
- Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide Specific Volume and Internal Energy for Temperatures -50.0 to 31.0 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide Enthalpy and Entropy Tables for Temperatures -50.0 to 31.0 °C
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Carbon Dioxide Tables for Pressures 400 kPa, 800 kPa, 1000kPa, and 1400 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Carbon Dioxide Tables for Pressures 2000 kPa, 3000 kPa, 6000 kPa, and 10000 kPa.
- Effective Thermal Conductivity for a Solid with Spherical Inclusions Calculator and Equation
- Saturated R-410a Tables Thermodynamic Properties of Temperatures -°60 to °71.3 C.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated R-410a Tables for Temperatures -°60 to °71.3 C Enthalpy and Entropy.
- Superheated R-410a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Temperatures -°60 to °71.3 C
- Superheated R-410a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressure 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, and 600 kPa.
- Superheated R-410a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressure 800 kPa, 1000 kPa, 1200 kPa, and 1400 kPa.
- Superheated R-410a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressure 1800 kPa, 2000 kPa, 3000 kPa, and 4000 kPa
- R-134a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Temperatures -70 °C to 101.2 °C
- Saturated R-134a Thermodynamic Properties Tables Enthalpy, kJ/kb and Entropy, kJ/k-K
- Superheated R-134a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressures 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 150 kPa, and 200 kPa.
- Superheated R-134a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressures 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, and 600 kPa.
- Superheated R-134a Thermodynamic Properties Tables for Pressures 800 kPa, 1000 kPa, 1200 kPa, and 1400 kPa.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen Table, Specific Volume, m3/kg, Internal Energy, kJ/kg, Enthalpy, kJ/kg, and Entropy, kJ/kg-K.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Superheated Nitrogen Table, Specific Volume, m3/kg, Internal Energy, kJ/kg, Enthalpy, kJ/kg, and Entropy, kJ/kg-K.
- Static Temperature Versus Total Temperature Formula and Calculator When a fluid stream impinges on a temperature-sensing element such as a thermometer or thermocouple, the element is at a temperature greater than the true stream temperature.
- Superheated Nitrogen Thermodynamic Properties Table, Specific Volume, m3/kg, Internal Energy, kJ/kg, Enthalpy, kJ/kg, and Entropy, kJ/kg-K at pressure 400 kPa, 600 kPas, 800 kPa, and 1000 kPa.
- Superheated Nitrogen Thermodynamic Properties Table, Specific Volume, m3/kg, Internal Energy, kJ/kg, Enthalpy, kJ/kg, and Entropy, kJ/kg-K at pressure 1500 kPa, 2000 kPas, 3000 kPa, and 10000 kPa.
- Saturated Methane Thermodynamic Properties Table, Specific Volume, m3/kg, and Internal Energy, kJ/kg.
- Saturated Methane Thermodynamic Properties Table, Enthalpy, kJ/kg and Entropy, kJ/kg-K
- Superheated Methane Thermodynamic Properties Table, For Pressures 100 kPa and 200 kPa.
- Superheated Methane Thermodynamic Properties Table, For Pressures 400 kPa, 600 kPa, 800 kPa, and 1000 kPa.
- Superheated Methane Thermodynamic Properties Table, For Pressures 1500 kPa, 2000 kPa, 4000 kPa, and 8000 kPa.
- Van der Waals Constants for Gases - Van der Waals, constant a is due to force of attraction and b due to the infinite size molecules. The greater the value q and smaller the value b, larger the liquefaction.
- Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze
- Vapor Pressure of Ice Table The values of the vapor (sublimation) pressure of ice in this table were calculated from the equation recommended by the International Association for the Properties of Steam (IAPS)
- Vaporization Rate from a Liquid Surface Equation and Calculator
- Concentration of Vaporized Liquid in Ventilated Space Equation and Calculator
- Water Vapor Released by Human Activity and Plants Estimating moisture loads requires knowledge of occupancy patterns and releases per individual, activity, plant, and water surface present.
- Water-Cooled Condenser Flow Requirements Calculator
- Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure Given in Metric SI Units
- Freezing Point and Properties of FoodsThe following is the Unfrozen Composition Data, Initial Freezing Point, and Specific Heats of Foods
- Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Richard E. Sonntag, Claus Birgnakkem Gordon J. Van Wylen - Premium Membership Required
- Thermodynamic Applications Professor J. E. Emswiler of the University of Michigan
- Treatise on Thermodynamics Dr. Max Planck - Premium Membership Required
- Properties of Air Ideal Gas
- Mass and Weight
- Specific Volume
- Density
- Specific Gravity Table Chart and Equation
- Humidity
- Intensive and Extensive Properties
- Partial Pressure of Water Vapor
- Saturated Steam Table
- Properties of Water , Specific Heat of Water, Thermal Conductivity of Water, Viscosity of Water
- Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws
- Ideal Gas Law
- Fluid
- Compressibility of Fluids
- Constant Pressure Process
- Constant Volume Process
- Effects of Pressure Changes on Fluid Properties
- Effects of Temperature Changes on Fluid Properties
- Thermodynamic properties of Selected Solids at 77° F
- Bulk Temperature
- Convective Heat Transfer
- Eckert Number Equation and Calculator
- Heat and Thermodynamics, 684 Pages, Mark W. Zemansky, Ph.D. Membership (Minimum free) Required to view Document/Book
- Heat Flux
- Heat and Temperature
- Heat and Work
- Heat Loss through Aluminum Framed Window Equations and Calculator
- Heat Loss from Ducts in a Building Equation and Calculator
- Steady State Fenestration Heat Energy Flow and Loss
- Moisture Removal or Addition by HVAC Latent Energy Load Calculator
- Log Mean Temperature Difference
- Modes of Transferring Heat
- Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
- Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients in Heat Exchanger
- Solid with Spherical Inclusions Effective Thermal Conductivity Equation and Calculator
- Thermo Conductivity
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
- Classification of Properties
- Glass or Frame Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) or Temperature Index (I) Calculator
- Saturation
- Saturated and Subcooled Liquids
- Quality
- Moisture Content
- Saturated and Superheated Vapors
- Constant Pressure Heat Addition
- Critical Point
- Fusion
- Sublimation
- Triple Point
- Condensation
- Products of Combustion , Emissions and Reactions
- Energy
- Potential Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Specific Internal Energy
- Specific P-V Energy
- Specific Enthalpy
- Work
- Heat
- Heats of Combustion for Some Substances
- Entropy
- Energy and Power Equivalences
- Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
- Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
- Specific Heats of Various Gases
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES
- Heat and Thermodynamics 341 pages, Premium Membership Required
- Thermodynamic Systems and Surroundings
- Types of Thermodynamic Systems
- Thermodynamic Equilibrium
- Control Volume
- Steady State
- Thermodynamic Process
- Cyclic Process
- Reversible Process
- Irreversible Process
- Adiabatic Process
- Isentropic Process
- Polytropic Process
- Throttling Process
- Entropy
- Carnot’s Principle
- Carnot Cycle
- Diagrams of Ideal and Real Processes
- Molar Mass Gas Constant of Various Gasses
- Power Plant Components
- Heat Rejection
- Typical Steam Cycle
Instructor Notes for Thermodynamics
- Introduction to Thermodynamics, Class 1
- Ideal Gas Assumptions, Properties of Pure Substances, Property Tables, Class 2
- Control Volume Analysis, Reynolds Transport Theorem, Conservation of Mass, and the First, Class 3
- Mechanical Work for Closed Systems, Class 4
- Properties of Pure Substances , Phase Changes Class 5
- Thermodynamics of Multiphase Closed Systems, Class 6
- Analysis of Open Systems Thermodynamics Class 7
- Introduction to Cycles, Cycle Thermal Efficiency, and the Otto Cycle, Class 8
- Closed System Cycles, Compression-Ignition Engines. Ideal Real Diesel Cycle, Class 9
- Closed System Cycles Thermodynamics – Carnot Cycle Entropy, Class 10
- Steady Flow Gas Power Cycles, Brayton Cycle, Class 11
- Steady Flow Vapor Power Cycles, Rankine Cycle Class, 12
- Steady Flow Vapor Power Cycle, Rankine Cycle with Open Feedwater Heating Class, 13
- Steady Flow Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle, Class 14
- Psychrometric Analysis and Air Conditioning, Class 15
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