Extension Spring Hook Design Calculator and Equations

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Extension Spring Hook Design Calculator and Equations

The hooks at the ends of extension springs are subjected to both tension (bending) and torsional stresses. These combined stresses are frequently the limiting factor which determines the characteristics of the spring. These stresses occur at the base of the hooks and their magnitude is higher than the stress in the body. This, then, is the weakest point in an extension spring nd the stresses should be calculated. the allowable working stresses should not exceed those shown in Equation 2.

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The bending stress at Section A is calculated using:

Eq. 1

S_{b} = \frac{32 P R}{π d^{3}} \cdot \frac{r_{1}}{r_{3}}

The torsional stress at section A is calculated using:

Eq. 2

$S_{t} = \frac{16 P R}{π d^{3}} \cdot \frac{r_{2}}{r_{4}}$

Where

P = load
R = distance from load to central axis
d = diameter of wire or side of square
r₁ = mean radius of hook
r₂ = mean radius of bend
r₃ = inside radius of hook
r₄ = inside radius of bend

Figure 1, Typical Hook End

For best results, the inside radius should be at least twice the wire diameter. Special ends can be used when high stresses occur in the hooks. By using smaller diameter for the last few coil before the hook, the magnitude of PR is reduced. Thus, the stress is reduced in direct proportion to the decrease of PR is reduced. Thus, the stress is reduced in direct proportion to the decrease of PR. By using as large radii for r₃ and r₄ as the design will permit, the stress is further reduced.

Bell Helicopter Structural Design Manual, 1977